Human Resource Management Corporate Culture

Questions: 1. In light of what you have found out about the term corporate culture and from the data in the GM Culture Crisis article, portray your comprehension of the term corporate culture and the job that it plays in an organization.2. It is clear from the article that the corporate culture at GM should be reconstructed. Do you accept that Human Resources assume a job in remaking the way of life? Provided that this is true, what is their job and where might you start? (for example representative level, the board level, official initiative level, or CEO level). If not, why not and whos job is it?3. Should the new corporate culture reflect GMs business procedure? Provided that this is true, how does the pioneer of Human Resources increase a seat at the table to comprehend GMs business strategy?4. Think about the subjects that we secured all through the semester, what are the primary Human Resource gives that are obvious in the GM article? If you don't mind portray the issues and give a model from the article.5. The articles writer, Tim Kuppler, examines culture suggestions from the Volukas Report. Most of these suggestions examine changes in security conventions. Taking a gander at this from a Human Resources viewpoint, what different suggestions would you need to change the GM culture? Give 5 proposals. Be explicit by depicting what suggestions you would advance and how you would execute them. (Indication: Think pretty much the entirety of the points from the parts that we have talked about over the semester). Answers: Presentation: The principle center region of this report is the assessment of the fitting corporate culture and its noteworthiness for holding an effective connection between the worker and businesses. This report has joined data from the GM start switch review emergency. Flaw in the start change prompted various mishaps that thusly cost 13 lives. A few reports have mirrored that other than the designing flaws the executives and culture of the GM have affected this rate. This report has attempted to give an understanding into the corporate culture and distinctive compelling methodologies alongside the effect of corporate culture on the different segments identified with business techniques and HR. 1. The term corporate culture is utilized from a more prominent perspective to depict an association's convictions, qualities, practices and mentalities to the workers, customers and the market situation. The corporate culture of an association is the picture of its qualities just as go about as the manual for the practices proper for an association. As referenced by, Guiso, Sapienza and Zingales (2015), corporate bodies that have pertinent corporate culture can acquire 20-30% total over the presentation than the organizations that have no moral corporate culture. Impact of the corporate societies has been depicted beneath: Vision: An ideal corporate culture has its vision to achieve. This vision assesses the motivation behind the association. Eccles, Ioannou and Serafeim (2012), referenced that vision of an organization is the principal component required to accomplish an effective corporate culture. Worth: This is the center part of a corporate culture. Worth offers a rule that helps in embracing adept practices required to set objectives and to accomplish it. For most extreme organizations, their qualities spin encompassing the customers, representatives and the polished skill. Practices: An organization can possibly accomplish their vision when they set up their qualities as a regular occurrence. The manner in which organization rehearses its approaches and work culture mirrors the connection between the representatives and manager. Individuals: Human asset is the indivisible piece of the corporate culture. An association can never shape a reasonable working society until the association imparts the qualities to their representatives and workers of the organization really grasp the qualities. 2. Human asset assumes a significant job in the corporate culture; as examined above, human capital is one of the center component of the corporate culture. Representatives are required to receive the working society and keep up the moral estimations of the organization (Bolton, Brunnermeier Veldkamp, 2013). On the off chance that workers are not agreeable with the administration both the exhibition and notoriety will be in question for the organization. For GM the corporate culture must be revamped from the official authority level. As checked on in the report, representatives in this organization have attempted to illuminate their seniors; be that as it may, they have never paid regard to the worry of the staffs of the activity region. In addition, not many of the senior officials have dismissed the episode significantly in the wake of monitoring the flawed start switch of the vehicles. As the pioneers were in no state of mind to go the foundation of the difficult at some point or another the lower switch staffs quit making any further stride against such rate. 3. The new corporate culture ought to mirror the business methodology. As referenced by, Goodpaster (2013), the corporate culture of an organization must mirror a picture that could assist the organization with obtaining a positive business system. Business technique ought to be agreeable to the workers just as the customers. An organization ought not just spotlight on the expense and the benefit (Hermalin, 2012). There are sure zones, required to investigate during the usage of the business system. In the event that the organization hold fruitful business they should be helpful with the representatives. The GM authority ought to support discussion with the workers; they can permit an agent of the laborers in the gatherings and gatherings of the senior specialists so the pioneer can voice the assessment in the interest of the laborers. 4. Correspondence hole is one of the principle issues behind any defenseless corporate culture (Davidson, Dey Smith, 2015). In the event that the specialists don't esteem, the assessments of the representatives there is the likelihood of confronting undesirable conditions (Henson, 2016). In addition, clashes inside an association likewise are brought about by the absence of correspondence between the workers and business. GM rate can be taken for the case of this viewpoint. The start switch review emergency was not an unexpected event for the organization. The ground level representatives knew about that and they likewise attempted to ring an alert in regards to this issue, in any case, the senior administrators were hesitant to this issue and never put forth any attempt to pass on the message to the leaders of the organization. Besides, there was likewise struggle among the administration of the GM that came about because of the need correspondence among one another and with the concerned position. 5. The proposal for the GM rate are: It was clear to the GM corporate culture that the administration was latent and reluctant to bring the issue up before the more significant position authority; this training must be disposed of for the organization. Every representative must assume liability for their work since it has been seen that in GM culture everybody focuses towards other while there is any emergency. The administration and the specialists must comprehend the rise of an occurrence on the grounds that for this situation, plainly the administrators didn't pay attention to the essential concerns. Subsequently, the episode wound up in mishaps. Execution of the arranging is one significant methodology required to improve in the GM culture since it has been seen that representatives show the understanding when the seniors level of the administration has arranged something; notwithstanding, at the hour of usage workers don't act as indicated by the arrangement. GM specialists should make remedial measures for the open methodology. As the absence of correspondence between the lower switch staffs and more elevated level specialists are the key part to hold an effective corporate culture and improve the exhibition of the association (Purce, 2014). End: Subsequently, in the wake of looking into this investigation it very well may be said that it has endeavored to cover all the prerequisites. This report has incorporated the comprehension of the corporate culture just as the significance of the human asset for getting a fruitful culture in the association. The suggestion has likewise been made for the GM with the goal that frequency like Ignition Switch Recall Crisis can be kept away from. Thusly, this report can be additionally amended while directing any broad exploration. Reference List: Bolton, P., Brunnermeier, M. K., Veldkamp, L. (2013). Initiative, coordination, and corporate culture.The Review of Economic Studies,80(2), 512-537. Davidson, R., Dey, A., Smith, A. (2015). Executives'off-the-work conduct, corporate culture, and budgetary announcing risk.Journal of Financial Economics,117(1), 5-28. Eccles, R. G., Ioannou, I., Serafeim, G. (2012).The effect of a corporate culture of manageability on corporate conduct and performance(No. W17950). National Bureau of Economic Research. Goodpaster, K. E. (2013). Corporate culture.The International Encyclopedia of Ethics. Guiso, L., Sapienza, P., Zingales, L. (2015). The estimation of corporate culture.Journal of Financial Economics,117(1), 60-76. Henson, R. (2016). Building an Organizational Global Mindset Culture: Implications for Practice. InSuccessful Global Leadership(pp. 261-283). Palgrave Macmillan US. Hermalin, B. E. (2012). Administration and corporate culture.Handbook of authoritative financial matters, 432-78. Purce, J. (2014). The effect of corporate procedure on human asset management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67.

MSD Construction Business Plan Analysis

MSD Construction Business Plan Analysis The examination of MSD field-tested strategy Presentation The paper is about MSD Construction Company own by an Omani resident Mr Mujahid Al-Zadjali.it had practical experience in offering types of assistance including solid manufacture, using system, solid position and exhuming. It centers around business just as private customers. It means to turn into the main contractual worker by offering excellent types of assistance with reasonable costs. This paper is tied in with breaking down of the field-tested strategy for MSD. It will assess whether the arrangement is appropriate for the firm to accomplish their drawn out objectives. This task will be sorted out as follows. In the first place, it will feature the proprietor individual quality and the abilities he had. At that point, the authoritative structure and the executives abilities and obligations will be assessed. Later on, the organization item market will be examined. It likewise will talk about its market and valuing technique. Next, it will concentrate on serious condition and their systems. At that point, the money related execution of MSD will be broke down. After the examination of fiscal summaries, the paper will break down the SWOT of the organization. Taking everything into account, there will be a concise outline about the case and proposal for MSD to improve their strategy. 1.0 Personal Quality of the proprietor director Mr. Mujahid AL-Zadjali is skilled to maintain his own development business as he has 5 years involvement with the field. Moreover, he has an assortment of abilities that are required in running this kind of the association, for example, promoting, time the executives and cost control aptitudes. What's more, these will help helps him to illuminate the emergencies in future. The marketable strategy had not referenced whether he has IT abilities which are significant for all business. In view of the marketable strategy, the proprietor is eager to hold subject for all obligations and commitment identified with organization. He likewise settled long haul making arrangements for the association. These all show that he is self-spurred and sincerely solid to confront all the business dangers. Additionally, it implies that the proprietor certainly wants to development his business. The targets of the business person are to create foundation for long haul arranging and to accomplish standard benefit yearly. Besides, it expects to offer quality types of assistance at moderate expense to its clients. Another target of the organization is to give wellbeing and security workplace to its representatives. The proprietor of the firm has embraced authority style dependent on capable and shared regards between the staff. This is one of the perfect characters for this development organization as there are numerous specialized works must be performed by particular worker. 2.0 The Management Team The business previously had supervisory crew which comprises of two clerical specialist and head supervisor. Notwithstanding, there are not adequate quantities of the board in the group. It ought to incorporate human asset director to achieve the wellbeing necessity at work and high caliber of administrations. The organization ought to likewise designate stock administrator to oversee in-coming and out-going materials for the developments. Likewise MSD didn't choose legitimate trough for arrangement of the budget reports as it kept in position the clerical specialist with promoting and open connection foundation. It should recruit director that is worked in bookkeeping and money. As per the supervisory crew that referenced in the marketable strategy have satisfactory blend of outside understanding. For instance, Ms. Jaya is a clerical specialist has astounding hierarchical and overseeing office emergency abilities with 25 years of involvement with creditor liabilities and receivable. With the exception of Mr. Varma which has seven years involvement with showcasing and open connection however which isn't sufficient for bookkeeping work. The organization set an objective to fabricate a framework for hierarchical structure however appears it doesn't applied at this point appropriate authoritative diagram. It didn't make reference to a nitty gritty authoritative structure and who should answer to whom. It should plainly set up structure with staff position and obligations. The strategy has not referenced if there is any appointment of power between staff. They need to design an appropriate assignment procedure and to educate staff about it so as to know about the obligations that are moved to them. There are no observing systems to check the exhibition of the workers. The organization needed to have execution estimation to assess how the staffs act in their obligations. The association theory depends on work obligation and common regard between staff. The staff ought to follow this association culture to accomplish the companys shared objectives and destinations. MSD consider its representatives as it gives wellbeing and security workplace inside the solid business. Also, it prepares its representatives enough on the business work. In spite of the fact that these are fulfilling staff, there is likelihood of cost expanding of the organization particularly overhead costs. 3.0 Product-Market Offering The development organization had set objective market by providing its administrations to both business and individual clients. It gives street development and soil work for business clients. It additionally gives house sections and carports to private houses. Also, it gives solid creation administrations to both private just as business clients. The marketable strategy despite the fact that feature the administrations that gave to customers, it didn't make reference to the sorts of administrations that are favored by the customers. It ought to have a nitty gritty examination of clients needs to fulfill their necessities. MSD including an incentive in their items through gives certain advantages to its customers including strong establishment, durable and wellbeing and great items with savvy costs. In this way, the customers can appreciate living at their home and feel wellbeing. As indicated by the insights in strategy the interest of single-nuclear families has been expanded by 12% and 1.5% for multi-nuclear families in 2001. This demonstrates there is showcase space for MSD items and administrations. In any case, the insights are obsolete and the organization ought to depend just on the ongoing information. The firm knows about the business and contenders as it realizes that the market is in development position and the contenders quality and shortcomings, for example, Julfar and Bahwan Company. These all will help firm in having obstruction against any response by the contenders. The items and administrations of the firm are all around built and solid with high caliber however at sensible cost. Hence, it prompts low support necessities. Moreover, it guarantees that their items are spared and endorsed by Muscat Municipality and Ministry of Electronic and Water Resources before giving to clients. This demonstrates the organization has indicated the estimation of their items for prospect clients. Bahwan and Julfar are notable brand with numerous years involvement with development administrations. They have a praiseworthy ability in client connection the executives which empowers them to hold their customers. Other than that, they have promoting aptitudes and database assets that make obstructions to MSD to become showcase pioneer. Development Company is attempting to remain nearby to clients by get-together the entirety of its administrations in head office (AL-Khuwair) and it gives 24 hours call focus as an office for clients in the event that they face or to grumble about any issues. In close economy and high rivalry, MSD intended to plan a remarkable system to keep the expense at sensible level with high caliber of items. It additionally checks brings in understanding to their conditions and afterward moves these specific calls to appropriate office. It very well may be cost administration right off the bat by endeavor to acquire piece of the pie than its rivals. At that point, the cost will be consequently decreased by conveying fixed expense in wide scope of items. 4.0 Competitive Environment In light of strategy there are no pointers of whether some of components will influences the development business, for example, monetary strength and client needs. MSD firm had gathered just some data with respect to its rivals. This incorporate as follows: * Operating technique. The contenders utilizing top notch administrations with sensible cost. These costs will progressively diminish up to the present market cost without lessening in quality. * Market techniques. So as to hold their customers, they employed client connection the board for this reason. On other hand, MSD didn't discover data identified with contenders including size and productivity. It ought to get some measurable information about the contenders benefit, their pieces of the pie, number of workers, number of extended, etc. The business person didn't distinguish of things to come showcasing blend procedure of the contenders. It likewise didn't examine of whether the opponents have wanted to grow new items for what's to come. The companys objective if the contenders grow new items or offer new types of assistance. It may be the most recent one to have these items or administrations and these assets may as of now reach at their development level. MSD ought to at any rate attempt to gets some data about the contenders (through investigation current market technique of the opponents to foresee its tentative arrangement) so as to discover appropriate response against its rivals to keep their destinations attainable. The organization didn't have a novel assets that has it effect from the contenders to draw in customers. It ought to have something that permits them to separate from other. For example: giving free support after deals. 5.0 Financial Performance * Financial Statements figures The investigators found certain blunders in the MSD money related arrangement. In its anticipated pay proclamation the measure of held benefit that ideal by MSD is same as the equal the initial investment. In this manner, the firm should make more benefit to accomplish its objective. Moreove

I know youre bad at something

I know you’re bad at something The brass drops off, and suddenly youre alone with the rhythm section. All eyes are on you, as you lift your instrument to your mouth. This is improvisation: there is no script, no written notes just blank measures and symbols telling you what key youre supposed to be soloing in. Its your chance to play whatever you want! Maybe this sounds delightful to you. Freedom! A chance to be expressive and creative in front of lots of other people! For me, this sounds like: My Worst Nightmare! A chance to freak out and embarrass myself in front of lots of other people! I took improvised solos for seven years. I joined the middle school jazz band in sixth grade, and then continued with the high school version three years later. Nothing before or since has come close to terrifying me as much as those solos, as illustrated in the following table. Here, Fear Level is inversely proportional to The Number Of Seconds I Think I Have Before I Throw Up. Scary things Fear Level The dark 130 The angel statues from Doctor Who 160 Axe murderers 155 Improvised solos 938,324,129 That Creepy Guy staring at me from across the airport lounge while I write this 20* *Please. I could totally take him. My band teacher, Mr. L, assigned me my first solo in sixth grade. Just straight up told me that I was going to do it. I practiced hard at home and played it well when alone, but in class my hands shook and I pressed my mouthpiece so hard to my lips that they went numb and no notes came out. It was humiliating, and every time I was convinced that Mr. L would take my solo away from me. The big scary eighth grade boys in my section thought so, too;  they suggested naming the band The Band Of People Who Cant Play Solos in my honor. Mr. L never took that solo away from me. Three or four measures before the start of the solo, he would give me a smile and a nod. I would lift my instrument up. Blow. Nothing would come out. Panic. Shake. Get a few notes out. Fail. He would wave play on, like nothing happened, while I hid behind my music stand. Three years later, I was in high school, and the system was different. At the beginning of every piece, Mr. L would ask for volunteers for the improvised solo section. For reasons that are still not quite clear to me, I raised my hand almost every time. I knew that if I thought too hard about it, I wouldnt do it so I put myself on autopilot, and shot my hand in the air. On the occasions that I didnt, Mr. L would usually make eye contact with me, and I knew that I was soloing whether I wanted to or not. And boy, was it good for me. I soloed a lot. In class, in concerts at school, in public squares in Malta and in cathedrals in Prague. Id get that little smile and nod from Mr. L, put my trumpet to my mouth, do my thing until the rest of the band started playing again, and ride waves of adrenalin (the terror kind) for the rest of the song. It never got less terrifying, ever. I never got less nervous. My solos improved, but I was never super good. What improved was my willingness to solo: I became better at clearing my head, relaxing, and enjoying my time on stage at saying yes, this is terrifying, and therefore I am going to do it. Every little success felt tremendous (what? a note in the right key? YES!). Every time I inhaled and raised my hand to volunteer at the beginning of the piece, and heard the applause at the end of my solo, I emerged a tin ybit more confident. Here is something I have never regretted doing, ever: impulsively signing up for something because I find it scary or intimidating. At the beginning of freshman year, I joined Dance Troupe, because I liked dancing but the idea of dancing in front of other people practically made me wet my pants. The night of our first performance, I found myself standing on the stage in the dark, seconds before our song began and suddenly wondered what the heck I was doing there. Before I could have a full-blown nervous meltdown, the lights came on, the music started, and all thoughts of the audience disappeared. A few minutes later, I jogged off stage, heart pounding and a huge grin on my face. It was so much fun. Its much less humiliating to stick to things youre good at and, lets face it, people will go to pretty extreme lengths to avoid embarrassing themselves and you can achieve great things that way. It takes a whole new dimension of gut, though, to hold your head up high when doing something youre not good at, in front of other people: to keep on going purely because you enjoy it, and want to improve. So, do something that scares you. Prefrosh: this fall, sign up for one activity that youve always sort of secretly wanted to do but are scared of trying because a) think you might be bad at it or b) youve done it before and youre definitely bad at it or c) you think people would judge you for doing it. Dance. Try out for a sport. Audition for an a cappella group, or an improv comedy troupe. Pick up a new instrument. Get a friend to do it with you, if that makes you feel better. Heck, Ill do it with you. Oh, and that solo in sixth grade? The night of the concert, I rocked it.

The Ultimate Handbook to Social Change Essay Topics

<h1> The Ultimate Handbook to Social Change Essay Topics </h1> <p>Staying sound is among the key patterns. Shopping can be promptly finished in a few ticks in whenever and anyplace given that the clients have web get to. On-line shopping consummately explains the issue. It carries the chances to get acclaimed brand items with a sensible cost for those name darlings who can not manage the cost of the cost. </p> <p>Furthermore, The costs of these extravagance merchandise in the regular real stores are moderately more expensive than online boutiques. Second, the upside of web shopping on items cost is evident to secure, and cost is consistently the most critical part for clients to consider. Now and again, it's the sole method to discover the items at whatever point the spic and span one is not, at this point in stock. A developing number of items should get together with the client's creative mind to fulfill the necessities of individual purchasers with the development of society. </p> <h2> What Everybody Dislikes About Social Change Essay Topics and Why </h2> <p>Describe what's significant about our country's framework or what may be changed to have the option to make obviously better outcomes. The data concerning the items frequently shift due to the distortion of sales reps. A few locales give bunches by intrigue despite the fact that others contain the lates t information and study results on a grouping of points. It can appear you may scarcely discover anything regular among training and engaging long range interpersonal communication sites. </p> <p>Donation limits are excessively high and the LLC escape clause must be shut. They're redone to fit the fundamentals of each and every customers. Moreover, a client may solicit the author to submit part from the activity for audit and, if necessary, request that her or him make rectifications. The most ideal approach to be a predominant client. </p> <h2> What You Need to Do About Social Change Essay Topics Starting in the Next 9 Minutes </h2> <p>It is a superb representation to the general thought of the manner by which a social change could be picked up. One more thing is the alternative to team up gave from these informal communities. It is urgent to make reference to that the thought shouldn't be a decent one. On the off chance that the thought is hazardous, it may need to come back to the INNOVATE stage to be re-created. </p> <p>You may wish to focus on at least one explicit sections to have the option to develop your contention. In the event that you perceive that there's some kind of problem with the world you're constrained to transform it as well as to find the best and logical technique for evolving it. You should think about a thought and offer some proof. Instead of build up an absolutely new methodology, take a gander at applying a thought in another manner. </p> <h2>How to Get Started with Social Change Essay Topics? </h2> <p>A proposition exposition is very direct to understand. Powerful papers request that you express your private conclusion on a point. Educational plan proposition points is a way to attempt. Choosing an able theory theme is the absolute initial step to progress, that is the reason it's critical to pay attention to it. </p> <h2> The Upside to Social Change Essay Topics</h2> <p>However, in the case of people living in a speci fic network, it's only by common sorted out exertion a social change can be realized. Another extraordinary trait of informal communities is an opportunity to find out about instruction. Now and then it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to connect with guardians in view of certain reasons and utilization of the systems can spare yourself the situation. The most effective method to stop sexism at school. </p> <p>An natural support bunch is a case of a gathering which would talk in the interest of various individuals from the network to stop extra contamination of a particular area. You're still in the focal point of supporting the local evacuee and host network groups in setting up their own one of a kind organizations. The manners in which understudies should be instructed about their prosperity. The strategies to improve the social duty of understudies. </p> <p>In a great deal of ways, our work is tied in with carrying every one of these gatherings with one another to gain from each other, presenting them to different perspectives and cultural issues, so they can build up a progressively educated point of view. No one will deny that the greatest number of these people are understudies utilizing the resulting sites for different purposes. New interchanges advances might be utilized to connect with relatives and companions. </p> <p>The contemplating methods w hich ought to be restricted from school. The Communication Department bolsters PhD understudies to concoct work over the assortment of staff skill. Obviously, we despite everything consider that instruction happens in standard for our study halls and is controlled by methods for an educator. Numerous understudies need to read abroad and look for chances to fulfill their fantasies. </p> <p>The research area will be dialysis offices which has high amounts of kidney patients. Modernization the development of new strategies and advancements that changes the technique for life in the general public. Hereditary building is progressing and is very disputable. Maybe you contemplated the sociologies and need to comprehend advanced conditions. </p>

How to Write A Paper

<h1>How to Write A Paper</h1><p>If you need to compose papers for school and need the words to be acceptable, there are a few rules to follow. To figure out how to compose a paper, the best thing is to initially do some training. There are a few notes on the best way to show signs of improvement with a paper and how to add substance to make it good.</p><p></p><p>The words to know for school papers are significant. Recognizing what these words mean in various settings will assist you with taking advantage of the work you need to do. These words ought to be available in the entirety of your papers.</p><p></p><p>The presentation of your paper is the place you ought to invest the most energy in, it ought to be of acceptable length and toward the end it ought to have the option to make a solid and strong contention of the central matters. Your contention is the piece of your paper where you spread out all the reasons why yo ur case is acceptable. Your contention can likewise be made all the more briefly and even improved. Your decision is the place you summarize your whole case in an efficient and compact manner.</p><p></p><p>The title of your paper is likewise significant in light of the fact that this is where you will put the entirety of the words to know for school papers that relate to the title. Ensure that you don't cause it to appear to be a statement or a snappy expression. These words ought to be characterized and be on the front line of your brain all through the whole paper. Make them stand out.</p><p></p><p>In your presentation, ensure that you raise the thought you are attempting to sell. You ought to likewise consider an approach to make your contention all the more impressive. For example, on the off chance that you are composing a paper on how significant game is in our general public, don't be reluctant to utilize measurements, informati on, and different figures. In any case, on the off chance that you need to discuss a particular group, you ought to have the name of the group in your introduction.</p><p></p><p>The thought behind the finish of your paper is to pass on that your contentions are entrenched and that the peruser has been educated. Be that as it may, there are a few things that you have to recollect when utilizing the finish of the paper. As a matter of first importance, you have to ensure that the remainder of your paper isn't only a reiteration of what you wrote.</p><p></p><p>Keep as a top priority that your work as an essayist starts after you have figured out how to compose for school papers. This is the place you realize what words to know for school papers with the goal that you can be innovative by they way you build your contentions. Recollect that it is essential to get your thoughts across such that bodes well, not exclusively to you yet to your perusers as well.</p><p></p><p>The most ideal approach to figure out how to compose a paper is to get out there and practice. Utilize your recently discovered information about words to know for school papers to truly dazzle your educators and schoolmates with your capacity to compose an incredible paper.</p>